Terminal ballistics analysis backed by physics simulations and real ammunition data.
We ran 47 different 9mm loads through our Poncelet penetration model against standard red brick. The answer surprised us — it depends heavily on bullet construction, not just velocity.
We compared 9mm, .45 ACP, and .380 ACP with physics-based penetration modeling — energy, penetration depth, and over-penetration risk for each.
Hollow points clog with gypsum passing through drywall, lose the ability to expand, and over-penetrate like FMJ. We model the FBI Protocol barrier and show why.
Birdshot looks devastating up close but fails to reach vital depth; buckshot penetrates but risks over-penetration. The shotshell physics against the FBI 12-inch standard.